巴黎条约为何止步不前？| 绿会顾问shende先生臭氧日主旨演讲分享

从蒙特利尔条约经验看巴黎气候协定

It was silent but successful global revolution that lasted nearly 30 years. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, an international and multilateral environmental treaty has created history. It has become an amazing story of unprecedented global cooperation ever seen by humanity. It also has become classical case-study in the success of environmental diplomacy.

“蒙特利尔破坏臭氧层物质管制议定书”（ Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the OzoneLayer，简称蒙特利尔议定书）是一场持续近乎30年、沉默却成功的革命。这项多边国际环境议定书创造了历史。它成为了人类前所未见的全球合作这个不可思议的故事。它也成为了环境外教成功的经典案例研究。

The Montreal Protocol is usually referred to as a landmark agreement, an inspiring journey of international cooperation paving the way for other environmental treaties to follow suit, including the Paris Climate agreement among others.

蒙特利尔议定书通常被称为是一项具有里程碑意义的协议，以及振奋人心的国际合作，为其他环境条约的效果铺平了道路，其中包括巴黎气候协议等。

Most of us did not even realize that in just one human generation we invented Chlorofluorochemicals-CFCs,  rejoiced their multifaceted use in our daily life and then simply phased-out their production and consumption from our planet when we realized their life-threatening consequences. These chemicals were found to be destroying the stratospheric ozone layer which protects the life on the Earth from deadly Ultra-Violet (UV) rays. Life on the Earth exists because of the OzoneLayer’s protective shield.

大多数人甚至没有意识到，曾有一代人发明了氯氟化合物——氟氯化碳（CFCs），他们欢快地在日常生活各种方面使用着，而当他们意识到其危及生命的后果时，就逐步淘汰他们的生产和消费品。人们发现这些化学物质正在破坏平流层臭氧层——臭氧层让我们免受紫外线的伤害（Ultra-Violet rays）。由于臭氧层这个保护罩，地球上的生命才能尚存。

The world, thus,  prevented the catastrophe  of planetary proportion by phasing out these chemicals exactly as per agreed schedule through a global action called OzonAction.

因此，全球通过了一项名为臭氧行动（OzonAction）的全球行动，按照商定的时间表逐步淘汰这些化学品，从而防止了全球性灾难。

Rajendra Shende led OzonAction from United Nations Environmental Programme from its office in Paris.

Rajendra Shende曾从在位于巴黎的联合国环境署办事处领导了其环境项目的臭氧行动。

September 16  is designated as International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer ( popularly  known as Ozone Day, as per the resolution of the United Nations General assembly  In 1994. 16th September is the date of the signing, in 1987, of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

根据1994年联合国大会决议， 9月16日被指定为国际臭氧层保护日（International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer，俗称Ozone Day，即臭氧日）。9月16日是1987年签署“蒙特利尔破坏臭氧层物质管制议定书”的日期。

As we celebrate 24th Ozone Day, in Shenzhen in China we can lookback with pride on what we have achieved.

在我们庆祝第24届臭氧日之际，让我们在中国深圳，一起骄傲地回顾一下我们所取得的成就吧。

“Perhaps the single most successful international environmental agreement to date has been the Montreal Protocol, in which states accepted the need to phase out the use of ozone-depleting substances”, stated former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan in his report of year 2000, called  “We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century”,

前联合国秘书长科菲·安南（Kofi Annan）在其2000年的报告中说：“也许迄今为止最为成功的估计环境条约就是蒙特利尔条约了，各州都接受了淘汰破坏臭氧物质的必要性。我们人类，是二十一世纪联合国的主角，”

“…20 years after the Montreal Protocol signed

Demonstrates what can be achieved when countries act together and in concerted way to resolve global environmental problems stated the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) report in 2007.

“。。。蒙特利尔协定书签署二十年后， 展示了全国共同行动，互相协调，一起致力解决2007年的千年发展目标（Millennium Development Goals ，简称MDGs）报告所述的全球环境问题时，可以实现怎样的目标。”

The closure of the hole in the ozone layer is on the way and has been observed by the scientists 30 years after the Protocol was signed. Latest Science Assessment Panel’s report , for which Mr. Shende is the expert reviewer has stated that world would see the Ozone Layer restored by mid Century i.e. by 2050-2060.

臭氧层破洞正在闭合，蒙特利尔协定书签署30年后，科学家也发现了这点。山地先生是最新的科学评估小组（Science Assessment Panel）的报告的专家评审员，他说世界将在21世纪中期（比如2050-2060年）看到臭氧层恢复原状。

The good sunny news is now overshadowed by the disappointing news about inaction on Climate Change and particularly related to  Paris Climate Agreement.

然而，人们现在对气候变化（尤其是巴黎气候协议）的不作为，让这个阳光灿烂的消息黯然失色。

The world leaders are miserably failing to learn from these lessons from the Montreal Protocol as they grapple with the defining challenge of our time i.e. threat of climate change.

世界各国领导人正在应对我们这个时代的挑战——气候变化的威胁，却未能从蒙特利尔议定书中汲取经验。

Why the one international environmental treat succeeds, where as another treaty that runs almost concurrently does not?

为什么一个国际环境协定成功了，而另一个几乎同时运行的条约没有成功？

Why the country like USA whose government who vehemently agreed and acted on the Montreal Protocol, never ratified the Kyoto Protocol on Climate change and now threatened to withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement?

为什么像美国一样的政府强烈赞同，并就蒙特利尔议定书采取行动的国家，却从未批准过《京都议定书》，现在还威胁说要退出《巴黎气候协定》？

Why the chemicals that affected the Ozone Layer were nearly phased out in just about 30 years and the Green House Gases continue to increase at catastrophic rate without showing any signs of slow down?  

为什么影响臭氧层的化学品能在短短30年内几乎被逐步淘汰，而温室气体却继续以灾难性的速度增加，没有出现任何减速迹象？

Is it not the right time to reflect on these questions that would define the future of humanity and the life on the Earth?

难道现在不是反思这些定义人类未来和地球生命问题的合适时机吗？

文/Cat  审/Shuya  编/Angel