【电化学专题】电极材料的设计和构建

Searching for electrode materials with high electrochemical reactivity

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Mn基混合电极

Fig. 2. Electrochemical performances of MnO₂ anodes obtained by microwave−hydrothermal synthesis. Voltage profiles (a–d) and cycling retention (e,f) of MnO₂ were measured as Li-ion battery anode materials at a rate of 100 mA g⁻¹ between 0.01 and 3.0 V. Insets show crystallographic structures of β- and γ- MnO₂.

石墨烯纸电极的电化学性能

Fig. 7. Electrochemical characterizations of graphene paper as a lithium-ion battery anode (a and b) and a supercapacitor electrode (c–e). (a) Discharge–charge curves at a current density of 100 mA g⁻¹. (b) Cycle performance at different current densities. (c) CV curves of the graphene paper as a supercapacitor electrode at different scan rates. (d) Specific capacitance of the graphene paper as a function of charge–discharge rate. (e) Cycling test at a current density of 20 A g⁻¹ up to 5000 cycles.

石墨烯纸电极的储能原理

Fig. 8. Charge storage mechanisms of the graphene paper electrode in the traditional electrolyte system (a) and the redox-electrolyte system (b). (a) Graphene paper electrode in the neutral Na₂SO₄ electrolyte, which displays electric double-layer capacitance with quasi-rectangular CV curves. (b) After adding redox-active K₃Fe(CN)₆ to the Na₂SO₄ electrolyte, this supercapacitor system combines two charge storage mechanisms, pseudocapacitance and electric double-layer capacitance. The novel electrode and electrolyte system can significantly increase the specific capacitance of supercapacitors.

Cu基集成电极制备过程

Fig. 9. Schematic representation of the synthesis of integrated CuO/Cu anode via chemical and electrochemical oxidation of the Cu current collector. The conversion reactions occurred within the limit of initial CuO microsheets, which include electrochemically driven nanocrystallization of CuO microsheets to CuO nanoparticles. During the discharge/charge process, the release of Cu from the current collector can maintain high capacity of CuO anode in the designed integrated anode system. 

Cu基集成电极的电化学性能

Fig. 10. Electrochemical properties of CuO/Cu integrated anode. (a) Charge-discharge curves and (b) Cycling curves at current density of 100 mA g⁻¹ and potential range of 0.01–3.0 V. Dotted line in figure indicates theoretical capacity value of CuO anode materials. (c) Rate capability curves at the current densities from 0.1 to 1.5 A g⁻¹. (d) CV curves of CuO/Cu anode after 110 charge–discharge cycles at the scan rate of 0.1 mV/s. (e) Electrochemical impedance spectra of CuO/Cu anode. Inset shows Randle's equivalent circuit. (f) Plot of impedance phase angle versus frequency.

原位形成电极

Fig. 13. Electrochemical performance of colloidal supercapacitors. (a) The discharge and (b) charge curves measured at various current densities and potential interval of 0.8 V. (c) The specific capacitance upon current density. (d) CV curves obtained at potential range of −0.6-0.45 V and scan rate of 5 mV s⁻¹. (e) CV curves obtained at different scan rates and potential range of −0.6–0.45 V. (f) The long-term cycling stability of MnCl₂⋅4H₂O colloidal supercapacitors was measured at a current density of 30 A g⁻¹. 

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读完这篇综述，是不是有种收获颇丰的感觉呀！这篇文章是由陈昆峰副研究员和薛冬峰教授撰写。

Kunfeng Chen received his BE degree of inorganic non-metallic materials engineering in 2009 and PhD of inorganic chemistry in 2014 both from Dalian University of Technology under the supervision of Prof. Dongfeng Xue. He is working as associate professor in Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). His research interests focus on the controllable growth of functional materials such as graphene, metal oxide materials for electrochemical energy storage.

Professor Dongfeng Xue received his PhD from Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CIAC, CAS) in 1998. From 1999 to 2003, he worked in Universitaet Osnabrueck (AvH research fellow), University of Ottawa (Postdoc), and National Institute for Materials Science, Japan (JSPS Postdoc). In 2001, he was appointed as full professor in Dalian University of Technology. In 2011, he joined CIAC as full professor. His research interests include crystallography, crystallization, calculation and simulation of functional materials, chemical synthesis of condensed matters, and electrochemical energy storage. His scientific contributions to the community include (i) Phillips-Van Vechten-Levine-Xue bond theory, (ii) chemical bonding theory of single crystal growth, (iii) ionic electronegativity scale of 82 elements in periodic table. He has published over 400 papers in peer-reviewed journals (with h = 50), and more than 20 invited book chapters. In 2003, he was elected as corresponding member of European Academy of Sciences, Arts and Humanities (Paris). He owned visiting professorship of Queen Mary University of London (2009.1–2010.12). In 2010, he was awarded Gledden Visiting Senior Fellowship of the University of Western Australia. He also received several prestigious domestic awards, e.g., China Youth Particuology Award issued by Chinese Society of Particuology in 2010. He serves as the editorial membership of more than 20 international journals such as Materials Research Bulletin, Materials Research Innovations, Science of Advanced Materials, Journal of Porous Materials, Nanoscale Research Letters, 3D Research, Energy and Environment Focus.