研制脊灰疫苗的乔纳斯·沙克 | TIME Magazine不过新的科技，给事情带来了新的转机。1961年，医学家阿尔伯特·沙宾（Albert Sabin）研发出了一款口服型的疫苗。这种疫苗是含有“活”病毒的。它的原理是什么呢？简单来说，沙宾一直把病毒养在非人类（例如猴子）的细胞中，几十代过后，这些原本会感染人类的病毒，已经通过基因突变，适应了猴子的身体；当人类口服这些病毒时，它们仍可以激起很好的免疫反应，让我们产生抗体，但这些脆弱的病毒，已经无法感染我们了。
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