中英书院 | 中间学派云笈 | 大论战与独立传统篇 | 篇四：独立学派基本态度和观点

独立学派在理论和技术上有许多意见分歧，但他们有一个共同的基本态度。这就是根据适用性和真实的价值去评估、尊重那些理念——而不去管它们来自哪里。

“It went something like this: The Independents have many differences of opinion about theory and technique, but they share a basic attitude in common. This is to evaluate and respect ideas for their use and truth value - no matter from whence they come. 

在这里，积极地进行质疑，并且享受其中是关键。独立传统的精神不认可意识形态的正确性。”（Rayner，2000）。正是这种态度推动独立学派持续发展到今天。

Here the positive use and enjoyment of doubt is essential. Ideological certainty is alien to this spirit.” (Rayner, 2000). It is this attitude which has continually informed the development of the Independent Group to the present day.

最近，玛丽安·帕森斯（Marianne Parsons）说：“如果我们试图用一个词来概括独立学派的观点，那么‘平衡’将会是一个很好的词汇，这也是埃里克·雷纳提议使用的词汇”（Parsons，2014）。

Recently, Marianne Parsons, colleague, said the following: “If we were to try to summarise Independent views in one word, ‘balance’ would be a good one, and it’s one that Eric Rayner suggests” (Parsons, 2014).

她认为，独立学派强调在环境和内部世界对发展的影响之间取得平衡；在客体关系和驱力的同等重要性之间取得平衡；在病理与健康之间取得平衡（包括对核心术语比如自恋和攻击性的平衡的观点，视它们为潜在的健康的，而也可能是潜在的病理性的）；

She has argued that Independents emphasise balance between the impact of the environment and of the internal world on development; balance between the equal importance of object relations and drives; balance between pathology and health (including a balanced view of certain terms such as narcissism and aggression, which are seen as potentially healthy as well as potentially pathological);

在分析师和病人之间取得平衡，即在分析师和病人之间存在着相互性，并且病人在学习理解他自己、构造他自己的解释方面是个主动的参与者；在考虑英国其它主要精神分析学派的思想——克莱因学派和当代弗洛伊德学派时取得平衡。

balance between analyst and patient, where there is mutuality between analyst and patient and the patient is an active participant in learning about himself and in forming his own interpretations; balance between considering ideas of the other major psychoanalytic schools in Britain – Kleinian and Contemporary Freudian.