反应熔渗制备ZrC-SiC/(C/C)复合材料组织结构及耐烧蚀性能

来源：中国复合材料学会

《复合材料学报》优先在线发表论文。

摘  要：采用反应熔渗法（RMI）制备出密度为3.288g/cm3的ZrC-SiC/(C/C)复合材料，采用SEM-EDS、XRD和TEM等分析手段研究了ZrC-SiC/(C/C)复合材料微观组织结构。结果表明：陶瓷相填充充分且均匀分布在C/C复合材料基体中，其内部组织主要由ZrC、SiC、PyC和碳纤维组成。熔渗剂反应充分，复合材料内部未检测到残余未反应金属Zr、Si。采用氧乙炔烧蚀设备检测ZrC-SiC/(C/C)复合材料在2500℃下，烧蚀时间分别为30s、60s和90s的烧蚀性能，其质量烧蚀率分别为5.667mg/s、2.907mg/s和3.030mg/s，线烧蚀率分别为1.001μm/s、4.662μm/s和4.450μm/s。试验结果表明在高温烧蚀过程中，ZrC-SiC/(C/C)复合材料烧蚀中心区陶瓷相逐渐氧化生成ZrO2和SiO2；生成的ZrO2和SiO2混合物保护并填充复合材料烧蚀孔隙，阻止氧化反应向材料内部进行，有效提高了材料的烧蚀性能。

关键词：C/C复合材料；反应熔渗；ZrC-SiC/(C/C)；烧蚀性能；烧蚀机制

Abstract: Reaction melt infiltration (RMI) was adopted to prepare ZrC-SiC/(C/C) composite materials with a density of 3.288g/cm3. The analysis methods such as SEM-EDS, XRD and TEM were used to discuss the microstructure of ZrC-SiC/(C/C) composites. The results show that the ceramic phase has been fully and uniformly filled in the matrices of C/C composite material, whose internal structure mainly consists of ZrC, SiC, PyC and carbon fiber. The infiltrant reacted fully and no residual metals Zr and Si were detected in the composite material. The ablation properties of ZrC-SiC/(C/C) composite materials were determined at 2500°C after ablation for 30s, 60s and 90s with the oxyacetylene ablation equipment. The mass ablation rates are 5.667mg/s, 2.907mg/s and 3.030mg/s and the linear ablation rates are 1.001μm/s, 4.662μm/s and 4.450μm/s. Test ablation results show that the ceramic phase in the ablation center of ZrC-SiC/(C/C) composite materials gradually oxidized to produce ZrO2 and SiO2 during the high-temperature ablation. The resulting binary glassy mixture protects and fills the ablation pores of the composite materials, so as to avoid the occurrence of oxidation reaction in materials and improve the ablation properties of such materials effectively.

Keywords: C/C composite; reaction melting infiltration; ZrC-SiC/(C/C); ablation resistance; ablation mechanism

作者：孙泽旭等，中南大学 粉末冶金国家重点实验室，长沙

通讯作者：易茂中，中南大学 粉末冶金国家重点实验室，长沙

全文详见中国知网学术期刊优先数字出版。