KMDF

科技工作者之家 2020-11-17

核心模式驱动程序架构是微软公司推出的Windows驱动程序基础(Windows Driver Foundation)之一,建构Windows XP与Windows Server 2003的核心模式(Kernel-Mode)驱动程序所需的基本功能,包括对即插即用(PNP)、电源管理(Power Manager)、I/O队列、直接存储器访问(DMA)、Windows Management Instrumentation(WMI)和同步处理等的完整支持。KMDF的设计并不能用来取代WDM,它提供“Skeletal WDM”建置来替代WDM;当前KMDF并不支持总线筛选驱动程序(Bus Filter Driver)。1

简介Kernel-Mode Driver Framework当前支持下列类型的核心模式(kernel mode)驱动程序之创建:

即插即用(PNP)设备所使用的Function Driver。

即插即用(PNP)设备所使用的Filter Driver。

即插即用(PNP)设备堆栈(Stack)所使用的Bus Driver。

Windows NT 4.0类型设备所使用的Control设备驱动程序。

KMDF是可重新进入程序库(Reentrant Library)。

与WDM的关系自Windows 2000开始,开发驱动程序必以WDM为基础的,但开发难度太大,无法像用户模式应用程序开发那样容易。KMDF支持驱动程序在Windows Driver Model环境中撰写驱动程序,简化其中的过程,但是KMDF的设计并不能用来取代WDM,它提供“Skeletal WDM”建置来替代WDM。早期的WDM可支持Windows 98、Windows Me、Windows 2000和Windows XP;至于WDF计划支持Windows XP,以及更新的版本。

KMDF系以对象为基底创建于WDM架构之上。不同的功能有不同的对象,KMDF在实现上包含了:

Plug and Play and power management

I/O queues

Direct memory access(DMA)

Windows Management Instrumentation(WMI)

Synchronization

驱动程序进入点在Windows操作系统中驱动程序的起始点都是在DriverEntry函数,DriveryEntry是驱动程序的进入点(entry point)。在DriverEntry函数的实现里,你需要具现化(instantiate)你的WDFDRIVER对象,并且告知WDF framework要去哪里调用你的系统。

NTSTATUS DriverEntry( IN PDRIVER_OBJECT DriverObject, IN PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath ) { '''WDF_DRIVER_CONFIG''' config; NTSTATUS status = ''S_OK''; KdPrint((__DRIVER_NAME "DriverEntry Begin\n")); WDF_DRIVER_CONFIG_INIT(&config, EvtDeviceAdd); status = WdfDriverCreate( DriverObject, RegistryPath, ''WDF_NO_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES'', &config, // Pointer to config structure ''WDF_NO_HANDLE''); // or NULL, Pointer to get WDFDRIVER handle if(T_SUCCESS(status)) { KdPrint((__DRIVER_NAME "WdfDriverCreate failed with status 0x%08x\n", status)); } KdPrint((__DRIVER_NAME "DriverEntry End\n")); return status; }Add DeviceEvtDeviceAdd函数,在系统发现新硬件插入时被调用。这个函数将挑起WDF驱动程序架构的大部分工作,EvtDeviceAdd事件被唤起之余一定会带出一个WDFDRIVER对象,并且指向一个WDFDEVICE_INIT结构。在设备产生(device crated)之前,必先进行初始化的动作。如果EvtDeviceAdd运行成功,那么EvtDevicePrepareHardware是架构下一个被运行的函数,用以保证驱动程序能够访问硬件。

WDFSTATUS DioEvtDeviceAdd(WDFDRIVER Driver, PWDFDEVICE_INIT DeviceInit) { WDFSTATUS status = STATUS_SUCCESS; WDF_PNPPOWER_EVENT_CALLBACKS pnpPowerCallbacks; WDF_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objAttributes; WDFDEVICE device; PDIO_DEVICE_CONTEXT devContext; WDF_IO_QUEUE_CONFIG ioCallbacks; WDF_INTERRUPT_CONFIG interruptConfig; WDF_DEVICE_POWER_POLICY_IDLE_SETTINGS idleSettings; WDF_PNPPOWER_EVENT_CALLBACKS_INIT(&pnpPowerCallbacks); pnpPowerCallbacks.EvtDevicePrepareHardware = DioEvtPrepareHardware; pnpPowerCallbacks.EvtDeviceReleaseHardware = DioEvtReleaseHardware; pnpPowerCallbacks.EvtDeviceD0Entry= DioEvtDeviceD0Entry; pnpPowerCallbacks.EvtDeviceD0Exit = DioEvtDeviceD0Exit; WdfDeviceInitSetPnpPowerEventCallbacks(DeviceInit, pnpPowerCallbacks); WDF_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES_INIT(&objAttributes); WDF_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES_SET_CONTEXT_TYPE(&objAttributes, DIO_DEVICE_CONTEXT); status = WdfDeviceInitUpdateName(DeviceInit, L"\\device\\WDFDIO"); status = WdfDeviceCreate(&DeviceInit, // Device Init structure &objAttributes, // Attributes for WDF Device &device); // return new WDF Device pointer, devContext = DioGetContextFromDevice(device); // Get device extension devContext->WdfDevice = device; // Create a symbolic link for the control object status = WdfDeviceCreateSymbolicLink(device, L"\\DosDevices\\WDFDIO"); WDF_IO_QUEUE_CONFIG_INIT(&ioCallbacks, WdfIoQueueDispatchSerial, WDF_NO_EVENT_CALLBACK, // StartIo WDF_NO_EVENT_CALLBACK); // CancelRoutine ioCallbacks.EvtIoDeviceControl = DioEvtDeviceControlIoctl; status = WdfDeviceCreateDefaultQueue(device, &ioCallbacks, ''WDF_NO_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES'', NULL); // pointer to default queue WDF_INTERRUPT_CONFIG_INIT(&interruptConfig, // Configure the Interrupt object FALSE, // auto-queue DPC? DioIsr, // ISR DioDpc); // Defered Procedule Call interruptConfig.EvtInterruptEnable = DioEvtInterruptEnable; interruptConfig.EvtInterruptDisable = DioEvtInterruptDisable; status = WdfInterruptCreate(device, &interruptConfig, &objAttributes, &devContext->WdfInterrupt); WDF_DEVICE_POWER_POLICY_IDLE_SETTINGS_INIT(&idleSettings, // Initialize idle policy IdleCannotWakeFromS0); status = WdfDeviceUpdateS0IdleSettings(device, &idleSettings); return status; }Prepare Hardware如果EvtDeviceAdd顺利运行成功,那么EvtDevicePrepareHardware是架构下一个被运行的函数,用以保证驱动程序能够访问硬件。

NTSTATUS EvtDevicePrepareHardware( IN WDFDEVICE Device, IN WDFCMRESLIST ResourceList, IN WDFCMRESLIST ResourceListTranslated ) { NTSTATUS status = STATUS_SUCCESS; UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(Device); UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(ResourceList); UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(ResourceListTranslated); return status; } NTSTATUS EvtDeviceD0Entry( IN WDFDEVICE Device, IN WDF_POWER_DEVICE_STATE PreviousState ) { NTSTATUS status = STATUS_SUCCESS; return status; } NTSTATUS EvtDeviceD0Exit( IN WDFDEVICE Device, IN WDF_POWER_DEVICE_STATE TargetState ) { NTSTATUS status = STATUS_SUCCESS; return status; }IO requests VOID EvtDeviceIoDefault( IN WDFQUEUE Queue, IN WDFREQUEST Request ) { WdfRequestComplete(Request, STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED); }本词条内容贡献者为:

李岳阳 - 副教授 - 江南大学

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