烟气脱硫石膏与冶炼行业石膏渣综合利用研究进展

潘祖超，焦芬*，覃文庆，张添富，阮博文 (中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院，长沙410083) 摘要:燃煤电厂烟气脱硫过程和冶炼污酸的中和过程均产生以二水硫酸钙为主要成分的固体废物，前者被称为烟气脱硫石膏，后者通常被称为石膏渣。烟气脱硫石膏在建筑材料、生产化工原料、固定二氧化碳、环境治理等方面得到了有益的应用，但冶金行业石膏渣因含有砷、铜、铅、铬等有害元素而利用困难，通常其处置方法有固化/稳定化处置、高温熔融处置、回收有价金属和作为熔剂造渣等。结合国内外烟气脱硫石膏及冶炼石膏渣综合处置的最新研究成果，全面阐述两者的综合利用现状。分析了两类石膏渣处置与利用技术的优缺点，探讨了应用中存在的一些问题与不足，并提出了建议与展望。未来烟气脱硫石膏的研究重点是减量化、高值化，扩大脱硫石膏高值化利用规模为主，以开发高附加值产品为辅提高综合利用率；冶炼行业石膏渣的无害化、资源化利用技术，如污酸中和过程硫酸钙晶型调控、火法-湿法协同处理以及熔炼造渣等是未来的发展方向。 关键字:烟气脱硫石膏；石膏渣；污酸中和渣；中和污泥；无害化处置；综合利用 Researchprogressoncomprehensiveutilizationoffluegasdesulfurizationgypsumandgypsumslaginsmeltingindustry PANZu-chao,JIAOFen,QINWen-qing,ZHANGTian-fu,RUANBo-wen （SchoolofMineralsProcessingandBioengineering,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha410083,China） Abstract:TheFluegasdesulfurizationprocessofcoal-firedpowerplantsandtheneutralizationprocessofsmeltingacidwastewaterareaccompaniedbythegenerationofsolidwastewithcalciumsulfatedihydrateasthemaincomponent.Theformeriscalledfluegasdesulfurizationgypsum(FGDG),whilethelatterisusuallycalledgypsumslag.FGDGhasbeenusedinmanywayssuchasbuildingmaterials,productionofchemicalrawmaterials,environmentaltreatment,andsoilremediation.Itisdifficulttousegypsumslagbecauseitcontainsarsenic,copper,lead,chromium,andotherharmfulelements.Theusualtreatmentmethodsaresolidification/stabilizationtreatment,hightemperaturemeltingtreatment,recoveryofvaluablemetals,andslaggingagent.Thispaperanalyzestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdisposalandutilizationtechnology,discussessomeproblemsanddeficienciesexistingintheapplication,andputsforwardsomesuggestions.ThefutureresearchshouldfocusonFGDGminimization,expandingthehighvalueutilizationscale,anddevelopinghighvalue-addedproductstoimprovethecomprehensiveutilizationrate.Thetechnologiesofharmlessandresourceutilizationofgypsumslag,suchascalciumsulfatecrystalregulation,pyrometallurgical-wetsynergistictreatment,andusingasslaggingagentarethefuturedevelopmentdirections. Keywords:Fluegasdesulfurizationgypsum;Gypsumslag;Sewageacidneutralizingresidue;Neutralizationsludge;Harmlessdisposal;Comprehensiveutilization