中科院郭惠珊团队发表有关植物抗病毒RNAi和病毒抑制子的最新进展之综述

来源：植物生物学

今天，介绍一篇综述文章，由中科院微生物所郭惠珊团队在《Current Opinion in Virology》发表的论文《Recent advances in understanding plant antiviral RNAi and viral suppressors of RNAi》。

植物-病毒的相互作用为了解宿主抗病毒免疫和病毒反防御机制提供了一个极好的模型。病毒衍生的小干扰RNA会在受感染的植物细胞内部触发主要的抗病毒防御机制，RNA会将依赖同源性的RNA干扰（RNAi）和/或RNA定向的DNA甲基化（RdDM）导向目标RNA和DNA病毒。

在反防御方面，植物病毒已独立进化出RNAi的病毒抑制子（VSR）以特异性拮抗抗病毒RNAi。最近的研究表明，植物抗病毒反应受到内源性小RNA，RNA衰变和自噬的调节，并且一些已知的植物RNA和DNA病毒的VSR也以这些新近被识别的防御反应为靶标来促进感染。 

这篇综述着重于介绍这些最近的进展，这些进展揭示了植物-病毒相互作用的多层调节机制。

Molecular plant–virus interactions provide an excellent model to understanding host antiviral immunity and viral counter-defense mechanisms. The primary antiviral defense is triggered inside the infected plant cell by virus-derived small-interfering RNAs, which guide homology-dependent RNA interference (RNAi) and/or RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) to target RNA and DNA viruses. In counter-defense, plant viruses have independently evolved viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to specifically antagonize antiviral RNAi. Recent studies have shown that plant antiviral responses are regulated by endogenous small silencing RNAs, RNA decay and autophagy and that some known VSRs of plant RNA and DNA viruses also target these newly recognized defense responses to promote infection. This review focuses on these recent advances that have revealed multilayered regulation of plant–virus interactions.