高熵合金低温性能及低温处理研究进展

科技工作者之家 2022-04-19

李可然1,王东亮1,邓磊1,金俊松1,龚攀1,王新云1 (1.华中科技大学材料与科学学院,材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室,武汉430074) 摘要:高熵合金由于其独特的多主元原子组成,具有与一般合金不同的微观结构和优异性能,是一种优良的结构工程材料。研究发现,不同于传统合金材料,随着温度的降低,高熵合金普遍保持优良的物理力学性能,部分性能得到了提高,这使得高熵合金成为一种潜在的低温材料,应用于极端低温环境中。低温处理作为热处理的延伸,在钢铁和有色金属中获得了广泛应用,近期研究发现低温处理对高熵合金同样具有效果。本文综述了高熵合金低温条件下的物理与力学性能变化,深冷处理及结合热处理和加工工艺的低温处理对高熵合金性能的影响,总结了高熵合金低温下获得优异性能的原理,及低温处理对高熵合金组织结构的影响,并展望了今后高熵合金低温研究的主要方向。 关键字:高熵合金;低温;物理性能;力学性能;低温处理 Influenceoflowtemperatureonpropertiesofhighentropyalloys LIKe-ran1,WANGDong-liang1,DENGLei1,JINJun-song1,GONGPan1,WANGXin-yun1 (1.StateKeyLaboratoryofMaterialsProcessingandDie&MouldTechnology,SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,No.1037LuoyuRoad,Wuhan430074,Hubei,China) Abstract:Becauseofitsmulti-principalcomponentatomiccomposition,highentropyalloyshavethepotentialtobeusedasstructuralengineeringmaterials.Highentropyalloyshavedifferentmicrostructureandexcellentpropertiesfromgeneralalloys.Withthedecreaseoftemperature,highentropyalloysgenerallymaintainexcellentphysicalandmechanicalproperties,someofwhichhavebeenimproved,whichindicatingthathighentropyalloyscanbeusedasapotentiallowtemperaturematerialinextremeenvironmentssuchaspolarresearchandspaceenvironment.Asanextensionofheattreatment,lowtemperaturetreatmentiswidelyusedinsteelandnonferrousmetal.Recentstudieshavefoundthatlowtemperaturetreatmentisalsoeffectiveforhighentropyalloys.Thispapersummarizesthechangesofphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesofhighentropyalloysatlowtemperatures.Itrevealstheeffectsofcryogenictreatmentandcryogenictreatmentcombinedwithheattreatmentandprocessingonthepropertiesofhighentropyalloys.Theprincipleofobtainingexcellentpropertiesofhighentropyalloysatlowtemperatureandtheeffectoflowtemperaturetreatmentonthemicrostructureofhighentropyalloysaresummarized. Keywords:highentropyalloy;lowtemperature;physicalproperty;mechanicalproperty;lowtemperat